What Causes Acne?
While the exact cause of acne remains unclear, research has identified four primary contributing factors: excessive oil production, clogged pores, bacterial infection, and inflammation. During adolescence, the body produces more sebum, an oily substance that helps prevent the skin from drying out. When sebum can’t flow freely to the skin’s surface, pores become clogged. The bacteria naturally present on the skin thrive in this oily environment, leading to inflammation.
The severity of inflammation determines the type of acne that develops. Mild inflammation near the surface results in blackheads or whiteheads—the least severe forms. When blockages occur deeper in the skin, they can form papules (pimples) or pustules, which are filled with pus.
The most severe form of acne involves cysts, also known as nodules. These develop from deep blockages that trigger intense inflammation, often resulting in large, painful bumps beneath the skin.